Dogs are inbred for such desirable characteristics as blue eye color; but an unfortunate by-product of such inbreeding can be the emergence of characteristics such as deafness. A 1992 study of Dalmatians (by Strain and others, as reported in The Dalmatians Dilemma) found the following:
(i) | 31% of all Dalmatians have blue eyes. |
(ii) | 38% of all Dalmatians are deaf. |
(iii) | 42% of blue-eyed Dalmatians are deaf. |
What is the probability that a randomly chosen Dalmatian is blue-eyed and deaf?